Migrate a WordPress site step-by-step

Migrating a WordPress site might seem like a daunting task, but with the right steps, it can be done efficiently, securely, and without loss of data. Whether you’re moving to a new host, upgrading your infrastructure, or simply backing up your data, it’s essential to execute the migration with care to ensure minimal downtime and a seamless transition.

TLDR: Migrating a WordPress site involves backing up the files and database, setting up the new server, transferring content, configuring the site, and testing thoroughly before going live. You can choose between manual migration and plugin-based solutions depending on your technical comfort level. Proper planning and preparation are key to avoiding downtime and broken functionality. Always test everything before making the final DNS switch.

Step 1: Prepare for the Migration

Before starting the migration process, preparing your environment and gathering important information is crucial. Here’s what you need to do first:

• Access to existing WordPress admin panel
• Access to your existing server (via FTP or cPanel)
• Login credentials for the new hosting account
• Access to domain registrar for DNS settings

It’s wise to take note of:

• Site URL and WordPress installation path
• Any custom configurations in wp-config.php
• Active themes and plugins list

Step 2: Choose Your Migration Method

There are two popular ways to migrate a WordPress site:

1. Manual Migration – offers full control but requires technical confidence
2. Plugin-based Migration – quicker and easier, suitable for most users

Some trusted plugins include:

• Duplicator
• All-in-One WP Migration
• UpdraftPlus
• WPvivid Backup

In this guide, we’ll cover both manual migration and plugin-based methods so that you can choose which suits your needs better.

Step 3: Backup Your Site

Always perform a full backup before migrating. This protects your data and allows for a quick restore in case of issues.

• Download all files from your WordPress root directory (often public_html) via FTP or File Manager
• Export the MySQL database using phpMyAdmin or a similar tool

Tip: For larger sites, backup may take time; be patient and verify file integrity after download.

Step 4: Set Up the New Environment

Once the site is backed up, prepare your new server:

• Create a new database and user with full permissions
• Upload the WordPress files to the appropriate directory
• Update the wp-config.php file with new database credentials

You may also need to install WordPress on your new server before transferring anything if you’re using certain plugins.

Step 5: Transfer Files and Database

This step is different depending on the method you’re using:

Manual Method:

1. Upload WordPress files via FTP to the new server
2. Import the database using phpMyAdmin or a database management tool
3. Ensure correct configuration in wp-config.php
4. Update the site URL if needed, using SQL commands or wp-cli

Plugin Method:

If using Duplicator or similar plugins:

1. Create a migration package from the old site
2. Install the plugin on the new site
3. Upload your package and restore it using the plugin’s wizard

With plugins, much of the process, including URL replacement, is automated, reducing the risk of error.

Step 6: Update DNS Settings

Once the site is functioning on the new host, update your domain to point to the new location:

• Log in to your domain registrar
• Change DNS records to point to the new server IP address
• Allow 4 to 48 hours for DNS propagation

Note: During this time, site traffic might still hit the old server. Avoid making content changes until propagation completes.

Step 7: Test the New Site Thoroughly

Once DNS changes are live on most networks, go through the new site comprehensively:

• Check the homepage and major internal links
• Test login and backend functionalities
• Ensure forms, plugins, media, and external links are working
• Review SEO-related items like permalinks and sitemaps

Step 8: Clean Up and Optimize

Once everything is confirmed to be working:

• Delete installation or backup files from public directories
• Reinstall any caching or security plugins, if deactivated
• Re-enable auto-updates if they were turned off
• Submit your updated sitemap to search engines

Consider using tools like GTmetrix or PageSpeed Insights to ensure your new host maintains site performance.

Bonus: Dealing with Migration Errors

Even with the best preparation, issues can occur. Common problems include:

• Error establishing a database connection – verify DB credentials and privileges
• Broken permalinks – reset permalinks under Settings > Permalinks
• Missing images or 404s – ensure all media files are correctly uploaded

Use error_log files or enable WP_DEBUG in your wp-config.php if something behaves unexpectedly.

Conclusion

Migrating a WordPress site is a critical procedure that needs a methodical approach. Whether you choose the manual route or utilize a plugin, having a clear plan ensures a smooth transition. Always backup first, double-check all transferred data, and test thoroughly before going live. Remember, patience and attention to detail pay off in a successful migration.

With these guidelines, you’re well-equipped to migrate your WordPress site with confidence and stability. Your website deserves a secure and seamless move—so follow each step precisely, and don’t rush the process.